Fast Food and Food Handler Wear

1. Infrared thermometers are used to measures? Surface temperatures 2. Food cannot be refrozen once it is thawed because? Dangerous bacteria can grow on thawed food 3. What is the minimum temperature for transporting hot food and hot food holding items? 135 (F) degrees 4. The appropriate freezing method for destroying the anisakis parasite in fish is? -4 f degrees and held for 7days 5. What type of jewelry may a food handler wear while preparing food? Plain band 6. A women runs out of the bathroom in a fast food restaurant, and frantically tells the manager that the bathroom sink has backed up and is overflowing.What should the manager do? Close the restroom and call a plumber to unblock the drain 7. The concentration of a sanitizing solution is compromised when? The solution is to hot 8. All of these foods are potentially hazardous expect for? Raw asparagus 9. If the water supply to an establishment is shut off and there is no alternate portable water source? The establishment needs to close until the water supply is restored 10. The minimum internal temp of a pork roast or tuna casserole cooked in a microwave is? 165 (f) degrees for 15seconds 11. A food handler reports to the manager that he has been diagnosed with hemorrhagic colitis. Similar essay: Food Safety Workfile AnswersThe manager must? Ask the person to leave the establishment and report the incident to the health dept. 12. Clean plates are required for each trip to the buffet because? Contamination can be prevented 13. Frozen foods, other than ice cream, must not be stored at a temp. Over? 0 f degrees 14. Hand washing is not allowed in sinks that are? Used for food prep 15. Light bulb in food prep area must? Be covered to prevent physical contamination 16. The safe way to thaw large poultry or meat product is? In a frig at 41 f or lower 17. The minimum temp and time allowed for cooking a roast beef is? 130 f for 112 min 18.Hand antiseptics can be used? After proper hand washing 19. Which of the following is the best method for killing bacteria in ground beef? Cook to 155 f for 15 sec 20. Which of these disease- causing bacteria may be found in the shell eggs? Salmonella 21. Cooked food is a self serve establishment that has been in the danger zone of und er 135 f to over 70 f internal temp of? 165 f – for 15 sec 22. When displaying live shellfish for consumption, the FDA food code requires that you? Have a HACCP plan and a variance 23. The chef prepared a large quantity of homemade beef stew and divided it up into two shallow pans for cooling.He placed the pans in the refrigerator and stirs them frequently. However, he was unsuccessful in cooling the stew from 135 f to 70 f within 2 hrs. What must the chef do to cool the stew? Reheat stew at 165 f for 15 sec and begin cooling process again 24. The entire hand washing process should take at least? 20 sec 25. Listeria bacteria is especially dangerous because? It can grow in dish water 26. Back siphoning occurs when the portable water pressure is lower than the waste water pressure and the waste water backs into the portable water-cross connection? Air gaps 27.Which of these foods in the most likely source of botulism? Vegetables in a swollen can 28. The internal receiving temp of fresh? 41 f 29. Which organism is most likely to multiply in vacuum or airless packaged foods? Clostridium botulinum 30. The minimum wash temp for chemical sanitizing in a ware washing machine should be? 120 f degrees 31. To manually hot water sanitize in a three sink process, the item must be in the water that is at minimum? 120 f – 30 sec 32. Which of the following is a safe food handling practice? Clean and sanitize food surfaces in constant use every 4 hrs 33.In a Hazards Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan, CCP’s are identified in? Flow chart 34. Measure a chicken noodle casserole where do you insert thermometer? Into the center or thickest part of the casserole 35. Grease traps must be cleaned on a regular basis because the can? Cause a backup 36. Product stuffed with either raw chicken or beef must be cooked to an internal temp of? 165 f for 15 sec 37. The first step in planning a food safety training program is? Identify the topics for the training 38. When cooking in a microwave, potentially hazardous foods should? Be rotated or mixed halfway through the cooking process 9. To ensure that the items are sanitized, the temp of a ware washing machine’s final sanitizing rinse must be at least? 180 f degrees 40. What two factors are the most important for controlling food borne illness in the food preparation process? Time and temp 41. Reduced Oxygen Packaged food must be stored? In refrigeration 42. An outbreak of typhoid fever, caused by the Salmonella Typhi Bacterium, is most likely to occur after? Flooding 43. Which of the following fall into the â€Å"eight most common food allergens† category? Milk, Wheat, Soybeans 44. Enterohemorrahagic E. coli is a? Bacteria that produces shiga toxins 5. Which of the following bacteria are found in soil? Bacillus cereus 46. The anisakis simplex worm is most likely to be found in? Under cooked fish 47. Which of the following illness DO NOT have to be reported to the local healt h dept? Giardiasis 48. Which type of temp probe would use to measure the temp of an oven or refrigerator? Air 49. Which of the following is NOT a method for removing oxygen from packed foods? HMR 50. For traditional steeped tea, the hot water should be a minimum of? 175 f and steeped for minimum of 5 min 51. The correct method for calibrating a stem type thermometer is?In water and ice, and calibrate 32 f 52. Shellfish dealer tags must be kept on file for how many days after the shellfish was harvested? 90 days 53. You have a food delivery arriving in an hour that will consist of milk cartons, fresh chicken breasts, and vacuum-packed bacon. What is the best thermometer to use to check product temperatures on all of these products? Bimetallic thermometer 54. Food borne intoxication is caused by eating food that contain? Poison producing microorganisms 55. To free up space in the kitchen, a busser is asked to manually clean some pot and pans in a three-compartment sink.First he scrape s and rinses the items. Then, he washes them in the first sink, rinses them in the second sink, sanitizes them in the third sink, and sets the items on the drain board to air dry. What did the busser do wrong? He forgot to clean and sanitize the sinks before using them 56. PCO stands for? Pest control operator 57. The best method of preventing an outbreak of Hepatitis A is? Proper hand washing procedures 58. On her morning shift, a food handler puts on clean disposable gloves, and begins to move defrosted hamburger patties form the refrigerator to the preparation area, as directed by the cook.Then, she is asked to slice tomatoes. When she’s done, she slices raw onions. In this sequence of task, when should the food handler change gloves? After moving the hamburger patties to the preparation area 59. The chef just finished preparing raw chicken breasts in a citrus marinade. She will store them in the refrigerator for the next shift to cook and serve for dinner. In order to pre vent possible cross-contamination, where should the chef place the tray of chicken breast in the refrigerator? On the bottom self next to the ground turkey 60.A food handler comes to work with a bad cold, but insists that he is well enough to work. The employee is asked to take his temperature, and it turns out that he has a fever. What should the manager do? Send the employee home 61. Which of the following bacteria might be found in a food worker’s hand wound? Staphylococcus aureus 62. A father takes his four year old daughter and her friend to the local hamburger diner after swimming lessons. The friend wants a hot dog, and his daughter wants a hamburger. Because the father likes his hamburgers rare, he orders a rare hamburger for himself and his daughter.What should the server do? Explain that the restaurant cannot serve rare hamburgers to young children 63. Salmonella spp. Bacteria have recently been found in contaminated? Produce 64. A food worker used a Quats sanitizin g solution in a three compartment sink as the final step in the cleaning and sanitizing process. She confirmed that the water temp was 75 f, she followed the manufacturer’s concentration instructions, and she completely immersed the cleaned metal cooking pots in the solution for 15 sec. last, she let the pot air dry before storing it. What did the food worker do wrong?She didn’t immerse the pot long enough 65. Which of the following foods are most easily contaminated with the Norovirus? Ready to eat foods 66. Shigella spp. Bacteria are most likely to be found in contaminated? Water 67. A catering company is preparing and transporting hot and cold foods to a customer site for a birthday party. The customer will then reheats and serve the food to guests at the appropriate time. Which of the following must the catering company provide to the customer? Reheating instructions for hot foods 68. A customer has just finished eating a seafood salad with a peanut dressing.As he is paying the bill, the customer starts to have trouble breathing. His face starts to swell, and he breaks out in hives. Most likely the customer is suffering from? An allergy attack 69. In the final hour of a local fund raising event, your food booth runs out of ice for cold beverages. What is the best course of action to follow? Send a volunteer to the nearest store for a bag of ice 70. A food handler in a small coffee shop has just finished deep frying a batch of chicken nuggets, when a customer order comes in for fried shrimp. What does the food handler need to do to avoid cross- contact?The food handler should use a different fryer and oil assigned to cook seafood 71. At an offsite catered event, the food service manager has been hot holding a beef stir fry at 145 f, when suddenly she loses her heat source. Guests are in line waiting to be served. What should the manager do? Begin to serve guests, because the stir fry can be out of temp control for up to 4 hrs 72. A server walk s up to a newly seated party of two. The female customer announces that she has a wheat allergy. What should the server do? Wait till the customer orders, and then check with the manager to confirm if any of the ordered items contain wheat

Faith is believing what you know not Essay

â€Å"If Christ were here now, there is one thing he would not be, a Christian† (Berge, par 1). These are the words of Mark Twain as quoted by Berge in an article on Mark Twain’s View On Christianity-Changing Christian Thinking. Looking at the present day religion and in particular Christianity one is left in doubt as to whether the vision that Christ had for the society is what is happening today. Are the over 33,000 Christian Religions the kind of Christianity that Jesus expected 2,000 years ago? Mark Twain in his quotation did not mean that Jesus was a bad person that no one wanted to associate with. Looking critically at the present day Christianity, it is the other way round; Jesus was as Berge puts it â€Å"an exceptional person and believed in living a life as example towards others with kindness, forgiveness and love† (Berge, par 1-3). The true meaning of Christianity and that of religion in general has been manipulated to address the needs of man and it is currently totally opposite of what it stands for. It is not a surprise therefore that Mark Twain finds religion a huge joke. This essay looks at the negativism of religion as viewed by the great American author Mark Twain. Background information of Mark Twain To better understand the religious view of Mark Twain, it is important to first get an insight of his historical background. Mark was born in Florida on 30th November in the year 1835. He was by then called Samuel Langhorne Clemens. His father, John Marshall Clemens died when Samuel was only twelve. The mother Jane could not manage to support the large family of six and young Samuel no longer could enjoy childhood luxuries. Additionally, he could not proceed with his education and instead began working at Hannibal Printer William Ament. Division of labor was never practiced in Ament and Samuel did all sorts of work such as printing, editing, type setting, press-work, distribution of products among other tasks. Orion his elder brother was a journeyman printer in a print shop. However wanted to be a master of his own and in 1851 bought one Hannibal’s newspapers, Western Union. He took his younger brothers Henry and Samuel with him. When things did not work out well for Orion, Samuel worked his way out as a river pilot (Gradesaver, par 1-6). Samuel became one of the Staff of Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. He became a reporter or when said in the right terms a humorist and in 1863 adopted the name Mark Twain. In 1869 his first book, Innocent Abroad, was published. Due to its criticism, Mark was discouraged from pushing forth his literary call. However, he continued to publish articles and making lectures. Few years later, the Innocent Abroad made great sales and Twain was requested to produce another book. Twain composed Roughing It in 1872. He became an acknowledged writer after several other books were published such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince and the Pauper, Life on the Mississippi, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn and The Gilded Age among others. He died on 21st April of 1910 as a prominent American writer (Gradesaver, par 7-12). Religious Affiliation and Activities of Mark Twain Mark Twain was a Christian by religion. His parents were Presbyterians and he was therefore introduced to church and the Christian teachings when he was very young. He grew up to become a Presbyterian. He was therefore a Presbyterian by religion, a religion of Calvinist Protestantism in the United States of America. Calvinist had a great Impact in the life of Clemen, the famous Mark Twain. As Dempsey puts it on Mark Twin’s Religion: Book Review â€Å"It was the religion of his upbringing, the religion of his wife’s family, and the religion of some of his important friends†¦many of whom were leading northern Presbyterian and Congregationalist clergy of the day† (Dempsey, par 4). Twain was brought up in a deeply Presbyterian family and as a religious obligation he had to grow up as a good Presbyterian boy (Dempsey, par 4). Twain was religious. Religion was part and parcel of his world and he could not evade it. Twain actively participated in dialogues on religion and attended religious services. From this base, it can be argued that Twain was a monotheist (Dempsey, par 9). However his criticism of religion in his literary works would make one doubt whether Twain was a true religious man. Twain was perhaps an atheist. He was not opposed to religion as such but the religion that had been manipulated to mean otherwise; a religion in which people played holy yet they are not, a religion that preached of morality when it did not uphold any moral values. Twain for this reason rejected religion. As Dempsey in the Mark Twain’s Religion: Book Review quotes the inscription on the statue of Twain, â€Å"His religion was humanity and a whole world mourned for him when he died† (Dempsey, par 1). At one time in a Holy Land expedition, one of his colleagues had introduced him as Reverend Mark Twain and a reverend he became. The author of The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calvary used to accompany psalm-singing Easterners as a way of assisting Reverend Henry Ward Beecher (The Ohio State University, pp. 1-2). He was so much into the religious activities such that he at times imagined he was a preacher, a prophet and a saint (The Ohio State University, p. 7). Mark Twain’s and Religion in his Literary Works His Huckleberry Finn The literary works of Mark Twain clearly reflects his negative views towards religion. Twain is opposed to religion and has no patience at all for either religion or for the subscribers of the religion (Example Essays. com, par 1). To him, â€Å"Religion is useless, worthless, and mindless and for those not grounded in reality† (Example Essays. com, par 1). This is a quotation picked from Huckleberry Finn by Example Essays. com in their article on Twain’s View Of Religion In Huck Finn. In this novel, the attitude of Twain towards religion is that of mockery and cynicism (Example Essays. com, par 1). Twain is at a far distance from the devoted Bible believers. He has much respect for superstitious things than he has for religion. This his clearly brought out in one of his characters Huck in Huckleberry Finn. Huck had great expectations that there would be bad luck in his wake when he killed a spider by accident and later touched the skin of a rattlesnake. Everything had come true as bad luck follows when Huck’s father returns and the snake did bite Jim. Huck makes a prayer to the Lord but nothing happens. This leaves Twain with a conclusion that religion is not helpful at all, it is worthless, more worthless in fact than what would seem to be an irrational superstation (Example Essays. com, par 2-3). As Example Essays. com points out in their essay on Twain’s View Of Religion In Huck Finn â€Å"Twain holds no punches in his merciless pounding of religion† (Example Essays. com, par 4). Twain in Huck attacks the believers of religion as well as religion itself. He has a strong distaste for religion as revealed by this book. No skepticism, no doubt, and no question can be raised regarding the aversion of religion of Twain. He neither tolerates religion nor the believers (Example Essays. com, par 4). Every religious character that Twain creates in the novel is covered with hypocrisy. It is true that religious people have a soft spot; a warm generous heart like Widow Douglas and Grangerfords. They show hospitality but they are full of hypocrisy. This of course is what makes Twain hate religion from the deepest point of his heart (Example Essays. com, par 5). Mark Twain is opposed to religion because religious people are hypocrites; they are fake and insincere so that they can impress everyone (BookRags, par 6). The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer In the book The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer, religion is a caricature. It forms an integral part in the society that the Character Tom lives in. However, Tom does not hold religion with the dignity that other people hold it with. Instead, it is a boring obligation and tiresome to him. For instance, Tom does not say his prayers before going to bed which is a powerful defiant act in regard to his forced religion (BookRags, par 1). Tom is a religious sycophant. His religious stand is for formalities. He works vey hard in trade to buy a Bible not because he is so much interested in religion but for his status in the society. Being religious is not his care but the status that the Bible will place him in is (BookRags, par 2). Tom is actually bored by the routine of going to church. He is however not alone in this but is in the company of many others. The monotonous sermons wear them out and their hearts yearn for anything that would cause interruption to the screaming preacher. They are all in stitches when the sermon is finally interrupted by such things as a yelping dog. His boredom and that of other puppet believers is a side-effect of formalities of having to go to church. Through this character, Mark Twain reveals his hate of going to church as an obligation. People go to church not because they want to but because it is an obligation (BookRags, par 3-5). Twain expresses his criticism on church revivals. In deed they are powerful tools to win people to religion and at the end leave everyone thrilled. However their effects are short lived as portrayed by the characters Huck and Joe. At the revival, they are fighting tooth and nail to seek the face of God but after a short time, they turn back to their earlier lives where they find lots of happiness. To Twain revivals and anything religious do not have any lasting effect and for this respect are worthless (BookRags, par 7). Twain sees religion as one big piece of humor. Widow Douglas is so religious and fervently prays that the sinful Tom is found. She is serious and absolutely honest in her prayers wishing for hope and miracle at a desperation time. Looking at the character of Tom, it leaves one in doubt as to whether her prayers are answered. In addition, the funeral of Injun Joe turns out to be an entertaining event rather than a religious event. Completely, it lacks real religiousness. It sounds funny that from miles and miles, people come to witness his burial. This is in the inclusion of people who had with their sincere hearts tried to plead for his crimes’ pardon. After he is buried the pardon is forgotten. He is also forgotten (BookRags, par 8-9). Twain hates religion for conflicting with people’s lifestyles. Huck does not understand anything that is religious; it never allows him to enjoy his lifestyle. Church is what the society uses to set limits for people. The widow that Tom lives with is deep down rooted in religion and wants Huck to be a very good church-going boy. Huck is however on the other side; Tom had just given him the promise of them becoming robbers. Religion in itself makes adherents caricatures to be laughed at (BookRags, par 10). A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court The greatest fear and enemy of Twain as expressed by Yankee is the Roman Catholic Church. He seems to have a strong distaste for the Roman Catholic Church for manipulating religion for the sake of politics. To Mark Twain, the church is a political machine. The Roman Catholic Church in particular is embodied in other functions other than spiritual functions that it deeply claims to advocate for. Through the character Hank, Twain accuses the overall church for upholding the 16th century ills in the society such as, social inequality, superstations, tradition, hereditary nobility, and subservience of masses. Twain is opposed to these practices and the Roman Catholic Church as portrayed in this book seems to be lenient on these vices (Gradesaver LLC, par 2). Still on religion Twain condemns the acts of those who uphold morality only at a superficial level. These people cannot take any action unless they are faced with a real experience. Hank and King Arthur fail to abolish slavery and they only come to realize the dehumanizing effects and oppression that slavery has on those in it when they themselves become slaves. The leaders claim to uphold the moral values of the society yet they fail to practice morality. This is what makes Twain suffer from a horse voice in condemnation of religion and its hypocritical moral practices. In all his literary work, Twain looks at religion from a negative point of view (Gradesaver LLC, par 2). In A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, Twain views the Catholic Church as atavistic survival that has been transported into the modern era. Hank Morgan, a Presbyterian by religion for instance introduces many denominations for the fear of unity in the church. He fears a Christian family that is united perhaps because of the damage that it would cause to a hypocrite like him (The Ohio State University, p. 24). Twain makes use of the environmental determinism to make religion humorous as depicted by his books: Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, The Prince and the Pauper, A Connecticut Yankee In King Arthur’s Court, Life on Mississippi and many others. Twain in these works uses religious words that do have a negative connotation such as ‘infernal’ and ‘unchristian’. In this he suggests that there is danger in religion. The great American writer suggests that religious as well as denominations are deviant and unfair (The Ohio State University, P. 26). Twain’s religious faith was far much wide for any doctrine and too limitless for any creed. Mark was ignorant and disinterested in Christian creeds as well as doctrines. They in fact provide him with a creative spark for his literary works. His views on religious are clearly brought out by his literary works (The Ohio State University, P. 27). Conclusion Mark Twain was a realist thinking atheist. Though he was a Presbyterian by birth, he was opposed to religion. However, as depicted in his literary works, religion had been manipulated to fit the needs of the few. Religion in itself failed to stand for what it actually presents. Many of his works in literature such as The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and many others are grounded on religious criticism. He satirizes religion in the most humorous way. Despite the fact that he was brought up in a Christian family, his negative beliefs in religion isolates him from being a Christian or a religious person. He is an atheist who does not see anything good in religion. References Berge, Gregory. Mark Twain’s View On Christianity-Changing Christian Thinking. Ezine Articles. nd 2010. Web. 5 Aug. 2010 http://ezinearticles. com/? Mark-Twains-View-on-Christianity—Changing-Christian-Thinking&id=2012922 BookRags. (2009). The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Book Notes Summary. Bookrags. com. nd 2009. Web 4 Aug. 2010 http://www. bookrags. com/notes/ts/TOP3. html Dempsy, Terrel. Mark Twin’s Religion: Book Review. Bochynski. com. 15 Jan. 2004. Web. 5 Aug. 2010 http://www. bochynski. com/twainweb/reviews/phipps. html Gradesaver. Biography Of Mark Twain. Gradesaver. com. nd 2010. Web. 4 Aug. 2010 http://www. gradesaver. com/author/mark-twain/ Gradesaver LLC. Connecticut Yankee In King Arthur’s Court Study Guide. Gradesaver. com. nd 2010. Web. 4 Aug. 2010 http://www. gradesaver. com/connecticut-yankee-in-king-arthurs-court/study-guide/major-themes/ Example Essays. com. (2010). Twain’s View Of Religion In Huck Finn. Exampleessays. com. nd 2010. Web 4 Aug. 2010 http://www. exampleessays. com/viewpaper/81878. html The Ohio State University. The Reverend Mark Twain. The Ohiostatepress. org. nd 2006. Web. 5 Aug. 2010 http://www. ohiostatepress. org/Books/Book%20PDFs/Fulton%20Reverend. pdf

Administrative Law for Ombudsman Enterprise -myassignmenthelp

The level of powers and responsibilities which are vested in the administrative agencies of Australian governments are known as Australian administrative law. Basically it is a common law system where statutory overlays are increasing and the focus of which have been changed towards tribunals having extensive jurisdictions and a codified system of judicial review. A well developed ombudsman system is possessed by Australia along with legislations related to the freedom of legislations which are influenced by international models[1]. The comment and notice requirements of delegated legislation designing are influenced by the United States. An office of ombudsman exists both at state and commonwealth levels who have been provided with broad range of powers towards investigating actions related to administrative matters. Administrative law is brought in place so as to ensure quick and appropriate justice to the citizens. However it is against the concept of separation of powers which pr ovides that the judiciary, the executive and the legislative have different and independent roles to play in the society. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether ombudsman and administrative law at state level is appropriate to deal with the relationship between the state of Tasmania and the citizens in 2017. The role of an ombudsman is primarily investigative. It has to investigate the complaints made by the members of the public and in addition it has to investigate on own initiatives of the offices known as own motion investigation. Initially the investigation is privately conducted in an informal manner in form of preliminary inquiries. The powers of an ombudsman are similar to that of a royal commission which is to require examination and attendance of witness, administration of oaths, to enter premises and to require the production of documents[2]. In case it is believed by the ombudsman that an agency has not taken appropriate steps in relation to a particular matter reporting can be done by it to the state government. Tight budgetary restrictions have been imposed on the ombudsman recently. Many activities also have been removed by from the authority of ombudsman due to the introduction of privatization. In Tasmania ombudsman operates successfully and freely and act in public interest so as to improve the standard of public administration in Tasmania and resolve complaints. A few issues which are included by OT are related to the functioning of Tasmanian government agencies and departments, provisions related to services provided by local government, the welfare and treatment of people in prison and actions related to administration of the state owned businesses along with government business enterprises[3]. OT is an independent officer which is appointed by the governor who is directly answerable to the parliament. The OT investigates the administrative actions taken by public authorities so that it can be ensured that they are taking lawful, fair and reasonable actions.   The OT works in objective, impartial and independent way in order to resolve complaints along with addressing systematic problems so as to enhance the standard and quality of Tasmanian public administration.   The OT supervises over local councils,government departments, sewage and water corporations, stated owned companies, prisons and government enterprises. Investigation can be made by the OT on their own known as â€Å"Own motion†along with a complaint made by the public. As provided by James ombudsman are very effective to enhance the relationship between the state and the citizens as it involves no cost, it is independent from the government, it provides a remedies for bad practices and when it comes to state ombudsman they have the power of offering conciliation services along with investigations[4]. However, according to buckombudsman cannot provide quick solutions to problems which are complex[5]. In addition as provided by Beckman ombudsman are not effective as the person making a complaint has no control over investigation as the ombudsman do not act specifically for the complainant and can even refuse to deal with particular matters[6]. In addition the decisions which are made by ombudsman are not binding decisions. The law which governs the decisions and actions of government decision makers is known as administrative law. Administrative actions, administrative decisions and administrative law are similar terms which can be used simultaneously. The area of Administrative law also covers the right of appealing against an administrative decision related to the question of Administrative review. Administrative law is predominant in the society. It affects building permits, car licensing, dog registration, water, sewerage, roads and mostly all sectors of society are covered by administrative law and therefore its functioning have a significant effect on the relationship between states and citizens. The decision of the local Council to impose a charge for sewerage or road works, the verdict of a government board towards acceptance rejection of an application related to the registration of a graduate as a teacher and the decision to revoke or grant car license are all parts of Administrative law. Administrative agencies work closely with the society as compared to the Legislature. The decision which is taken by administrative officials has to be in accordance to the existing laws. Although they have the power to make a decision their decisions cannot be influenced by corruption or personal preferences.   The decisions of any administrative body is legally binding. However the citizens have the right to make an appeal against such decisions. Appeals are usually made to an Administrative Tribunal which has the capacity to review the merit of the decision. Further the decision of an Administrative Tribunal can be appealed against in court. In such circumstances the court does not have power to comment on the merit of the decision made by administrative tribunals the court only analyses whether such decisions have been made correctly in accordance to the laws or not. A person who has grievances against the decision made by administrative body can make a complaint to ombudsman of the particular state, administrative appeal to a tribunal, administrative review to a magistrate Court or Judicial review to the Supreme Court[7]. In Tasmania particularly citizens can appeal at Resource Management Planning and Appeal Tribunal and Tasmanian Public Housing Review Committee. It has to be noted that decisions which are provided by the public housing cannot be reviewed by the Supreme Court as they do not fall under the scope of Administrative decisions under the Judicial Review Act 2000. A person who is affected by the decision of the administrative body can make an appeal against the decision however in case the partner or ex-partner of such person is affected by such decision substantially can also make an appeal. There are a few legislations which provides that interested parties make an appeal against administrative bodies. For instance as provided by the Ombudsman Act 1978 where there is a question with respect to the jurisdiction of the ombudsman towards conducting an investigation into a complaint a party who is interested make an application before the supreme court to determine the question related to the jurisdiction[8]. Interested parties may include the administrative body, the principal officer of the administrative body, the Minister who is responsible for the decision and any person who has made the decision or the complaints[9]. The need for administrative law and Society is very high. It is not possible for the legislature to enact laws for each and every circumstances. The administrative bodies who deal closely with the society understand the functioning of the society and are in a much better position than the Legislature to handle the specific situation. However for a person to make a review against in administrative body’s decision there must be appropriate grounds for making such appeals[10]. Speaking technically judicial functions are primarily vested in the courts. The Commonwealth constitution does not follow the doctrine of separation of powers as quickly as it is followed by other countries. In Australia judicial powers are vested in both Federal and state courts however it is not compulsory that only these courts have the power to exercise judicial functions. In Australia judicial powers are delegated to other bodies which do not fall within the scope of ordinary courts. Administrative bodies can be better than ordinary quotes with respect to disposing cases in a timely way. In addition adjudication of Administrative tribunals are much cheaper as compared to court adjudication. The system of Administrative Agencies is flexible as well as informal as compared to the stringent and rigid common court proceedings. Administrative bodies or agencies usually have experts who have increased knowledge in a particular field or domain and therefore they are in a better positio n to understand a particular matter as compared to the judges in the court only have legal knowledge. However as provided by Barnett administrative bodies suffer from a lack of legal expertise many members of the administrative agencies are selected from diverse backgrounds and thus they do not have any legal knowledge required to adjudicate disputes[11].   Moreover Rose et al. have provided that there is always a fear of partiality with respect to the decision of Administrative agencies as most of the members of Administrative tribunals add employees of various Agencies all offices and therefore there decisions may not be particularly free and they may be bias or partial towards a particular agency[12]. The most debate full criticism provided against the system of Administrative law is that it violates the doctrine of separation of powers as it is the quotes who have been provided the authority to deal with legal matters. Ombudsman is an initiative which would ensure that there is a body to supervise over the decisions of Administrative bodies. In addition as a moment can carry out investigation in relation to and administrative party without any complain there is always a fear in mind of the administrative officials that a Watchdog is keeping an eye on the activities and therefore they must act in accordance with law. For the purpose of promoting a healthy relationship between the citizens and the state the proper functioning of the administrative bodies has to be insured. Just and fair decisions provided by the administrative bodies would ensure that the faith of people is entrusted into the governance of the state. Ombudsman is an efficient tool despite all criticism to ensure proper functioning of the administrative bodies. This can be said because even though the decisions of ombudsman and not binding the Parliament can take necessary action against administrative bodies if proper proof is provid ed to it by the ombudsman. Even though ombudsman do not investigate into specific matters the investigation can also be initiated by them on their own therefore they are able to keep an eye on the functions of the administrative bodies. Although ombudsman is a modest tool which does not have access to much power it has significant influence on ensuring good administration, safeguarding human rights, preventing corruption and initiating positive policy making. The most user friendly public administration is brought into effect by the use of ombudsman as provided by Leyland[13]. Through the process of Investigation and reviews ombudsman stop the violation of human rights and ensures consequences for any violation. Through adding to the process of changing and formulating policies ombudsman makes a contribution towards removing any inefficiencies and deficiencies related to the function of the state along with removal of any potential causes of social conflict. It not only strengthens democracy but also modernizes state institution. However it is not easy to measure how effective the work of an ombudsman is as the role played by him in the society constitutes of many functions such as dealing with complaint, interventions, identification and removal of irregularities, supervising the function of the state bodies and recommending a course of action to enhance the functions of the state. The concept of ombudsman and the principles of Administrative law must work hand in hand in order to ensure that a healthy relationship is established between the citizens and the state in the modern day. As administrative law is present in almost every part of the society there may be situation giving rise to personal preferences and corruption taking over the duty to act in accordance to the legal provisions. Such situations are addressed by an ombudsman so as to trigger best quality pubic administration and healthy citizen and state relationships. Barnett, Hilaire.  Constitutional and administrative law. Taylor & Francis, 2017. Beckman, Ludvig, and Fredrik Uggla. "An Ombudsman for Future Generations, Legitimate and Effective?." (2016): 117-134. Buck, Trevor, and Richard Kirkham.  The ombudsman enterprise and administrative justice. Routledge, 2016. G Fleming, ’Civil Administration Review – Issues in Practice’ (2003 conference paper) Leyland, Peter, and Gordon Anthony.  Textbook on administrative law. Oxford University Press, 2016 R McLead, ’25 Years of the Cth ombudsman’ (2002 Conference Presentation) R Snell and E Wells, ‘Serial Applicants – Troublesome Users and Abusers or Necessary Agitators’ (2006) AIAL Forum Paper. R snell, Review of Ombudsman Act: Position Paper (2004) Rose-Ackerman, Susan, Peter L. Lindseth, and Blake Emerson, eds.  Comparative administrative law. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. With a decade's experience in providing essay help,

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